Jeremiah · Masoretic Text · Old Greek

One book, two editions: side by side, sentence by sentence

A readable, searchable version of Hermann-Josef Stipp's Textkritische Synopse zum Jeremiabuch: the Hebrew text of Jeremiah beside the Hebrew text that lies behind its ancient Greek translation, with the Greek itself and every word linked to its grammatical analysis.

Source: Hermann-Josef Stipp, Textkritische Synopse zum Jeremiabuch, 15. korrigierte interne Auflage, April 2021. All readings, reconstructions and notes on these pages are Stipp's. Conversion for the web by Martijn Naaijer.

Why Jeremiah is special

The book of Jeremiah has come down to us in two versions that differ considerably. The Masoretic Text is markedly longer than the text translated into Greek in antiquity. The Greek also arranges the book differently: its oracles against the nations stand in the middle of the book, after 25:13, and in another order.

The shorter edition is probably not a translator's abridgement. Hebrew fragments of Jeremiah from Qumran (4QJerb and 4QJerd) agree with it, which suggests that two Hebrew editions of the book were in circulation at once. Many scholars, Stipp among them, take the shorter one to preserve an earlier stage of the book, and the longer one to show how it was expanded and edited afterwards. That makes the gap between the two editions one of the clearest windows we have on how a biblical book grew.

17%more consonants in the masoretic edition than in the alexandrian, on Stipp's reading
1,392of 4,916 sentences contain text found only in the masoretic edition
757sentences where the two editions read differently

What Stipp's synopsis does

To compare the two editions you need them in the same language. Stipp sets the Masoretic Text sentence by sentence beside a retroversion: his reconstruction of the Hebrew text the Greek translators had in front of them. Where the editions agree, the text is shared; where one has more, it is marked as a plus; where they differ, both readings stand. Beside them he gives the Greek text itself, and in the margin a dense apparatus of cross-references, grammatical notes and references to his study of the idiolect of the pre-Masoretic text.

It is the most detailed tool there is for this comparison, and it has circulated only as a PDF, set in old BibleWorks fonts that store Hebrew as ASCII in visual order. On paper it reads well; on screen it cannot be searched, copied or counted.

What these pages add

Masoretic דִּבְרֵי יִרְמְיָהוּ בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּהוּ מִן־הַכֹּהֲנִים
Retroversion דְּבַר־יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר הָיָה עַל יִרְמְיָהוּ בֶּן־חִלְקִיָּהוּ מִן־הַכֹּהֲנִים
Greek τὸ ῥῆμα τοῦ θεοῦ ὅ ἐγένετο ἐπὶ Ιερεμίαν τὸν τοῦ Χελκίου ἐκ τῶν ἱερέων
Jeremiah 1:1a. The two editions open differently: “the words of Jeremiah” against “the word of God that came to Jeremiah”.

How to read a page

Each verse is a table: the masoretic text, Stipp's sentence letter, his retroversion of the alexandrian text, and his Greek. Hebrew reads from right to left.

The chapter pages keep the German labels of the Synopse (masoretisch, Rückübersetzung, Griechisch).

How far you can trust it

The pages were made by reading Stipp's PDF, not by retyping it, and nothing in them is taken from another edition: every letter stands as Stipp prints it. The masoretic column can be checked, against the BHSA database, and is checked verse by verse:

The retroversion and the Greek have no independent text to be checked against: they are Stipp's own work, reproduced as carefully as the masoretic column but not verified in the same way. For anything you intend to cite, check the reading in Stipp's synopsis itself. The full reliability report, and the code that builds these pages, are on GitHub.

Chapters

Jer 119 versesJer 237 versesJer 325 versesJer 431 versesJer 531 versesJer 630 versesJer 734 versesJer 823 versesJer 925 versesJer 1025 versesJer 1123 versesJer 1217 versesJer 1327 versesJer 1422 versesJer 1521 versesJer 1621 versesJer 1727 versesJer 1823 versesJer 1915 versesJer 2018 versesJer 2114 versesJer 2230 versesJer 2340 versesJer 2410 versesJer 2538 versesJer 2624 versesJer 2722 versesJer 2817 versesJer 2932 versesJer 3024 versesJer 3140 versesJer 3244 versesJer 3326 versesJer 3422 versesJer 3519 versesJer 3632 versesJer 3721 versesJer 3828 versesJer 3918 versesJer 4016 versesJer 4118 versesJer 4222 versesJer 4313 versesJer 4430 versesJer 455 versesJer 4628 versesJer 477 versesJer 4847 versesJer 4939 versesJer 5046 versesJer 5164 versesJer 5234 verses2 Kgs 2530 verses